In the annals of American history, Lena and the Burning of Greenwood stand as a poignant testament to the resilience and activism that emerged from the ashes of tragedy. This gripping tale unveils the story of Lena Horne, a pioneering Black entertainer who used her voice to challenge racial injustice and inspire generations.
The Tulsa Race Massacre of 1921, a horrific event that destroyed the thriving Greenwood district, serves as the backdrop for this narrative. Lena Horne’s unwavering advocacy in the aftermath of the massacre sheds light on the power of art and activism in fostering reconciliation and social change.
Lena and the Burning of Greenwood
Historical Context of Greenwood, Oklahoma
Greenwood, Oklahoma, also known as “Black Wall Street,” was a thriving African American community in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Established in the early 1900s, Greenwood became a hub of economic and social development for the local Black population. It boasted a thriving business district, schools, churches, and cultural institutions.
However, this prosperity and self-sufficiency were met with resentment and hostility from some white residents.
Events Leading to the Tulsa Race Massacre
Tensions between the white and Black communities in Tulsa escalated in the spring of 1921. A series of incidents, including a false accusation against a young Black man, sparked rumors and inflamed racial hatred. On the evening of May 31, 1921, a white mob gathered outside the Tulsa County Courthouse, demanding the lynching of the accused man.
A confrontation ensued, leading to gunfire and the eventual burning of Greenwood by the mob.
Lena Horne’s Role in the Aftermath
Lena Horne, a renowned singer and actress, was deeply affected by the Tulsa Race Massacre. She used her platform to raise awareness about the tragedy and its devastating impact on the Black community. Horne’s performances and activism helped to keep the memory of Greenwood alive and inspire future generations to fight for racial justice.
Lena Horne’s Advocacy and Activism
Lena Horne’s journey as a Black woman in the entertainment industry was marked by both triumphs and challenges. Despite her immense talent, she faced discrimination and prejudice throughout her career. However, Horne refused to be silenced and used her platform to become a powerful advocate for racial equality and social justice.
Horne’s activism took many forms. She refused to perform in segregated venues, even when it meant sacrificing lucrative opportunities. She also spoke out against racism in interviews and public appearances, and she used her music to convey messages of hope and resistance.
Performances and Speeches, Lena and the burning of greenwood
Horne’s performances were often infused with political commentary. In her iconic song “Stormy Weather,” she sang about the hardships faced by Black people in America, and she performed it with such raw emotion that it became an anthem for the Civil Rights Movement.
Horne also used her speeches to challenge racism. In a famous speech at the 1963 March on Washington, she said, “We are not here to ask for favors. We are here to demand our rights.” Her words resonated with the crowd and helped to galvanize the movement.
The Legacy of Lena Horne and the Burning of Greenwood: Lena And The Burning Of Greenwood
The Tulsa Race Massacre, also known as the Burning of Greenwood, remains a dark chapter in American history. The lasting impact of this tragedy continues to resonate within the community, shaping its present and future.
The massacre resulted in the destruction of a thriving Black community, the deaths of hundreds of people, and the displacement of thousands more. The legacy of violence and trauma has left an indelible mark on the city, affecting generations to come.
Lena Horne’s Advocacy and Activism
Lena Horne’s advocacy and activism continue to inspire future generations. Her unwavering commitment to social justice and racial equality serves as a powerful reminder of the importance of speaking out against injustice.
Horne’s influence extends beyond her time, with her legacy continuing to motivate individuals to fight for a more just and equitable society. Her courage and determination have empowered countless others to use their voices and platforms to advocate for change.
Key Events and Individuals in the Burning of Greenwood
The following table provides an overview of the key events and individuals involved in the Burning of Greenwood:
| Event | Date | Individual(s) Involved |
|---|---|---|
| Racial tensions escalate in Tulsa | May 31, 1921 | White and Black residents |
| Alleged assault on Sarah Page | May 31, 1921 | Dick Rowland, Sarah Page |
| Mob forms at the courthouse | June 1, 1921 | White residents |
| National Guard called in | June 1, 1921 | General Charles Barrett |
| Burning of Greenwood | June 1-2, 1921 | White mob |
| Martial law declared | June 2, 1921 | Governor James Robertson |
| Tulsa Race Massacre Commission established | 1997 | Oklahoma State Legislature |
Contemporary Relevance and Artistic Expressions
Lena Horne’s story and the Burning of Greenwood continue to resonate deeply in today’s society, serving as poignant reminders of the ongoing struggles for racial justice and equality.
The events of Greenwood have sparked numerous artistic expressions that shed light on the complexities of racial violence and its lasting impact. These works offer a platform for dialogue, empathy, and a deeper understanding of the past and its implications for the present.
Books
- The Burning of Black Wall Street: A Story of Fire, Resilience, and the Tulsa Race Massacreby Tim Madigan
- Tulsa 1921: A City in Flamesby Scott Ellsworth
- Black Wall Street: From Riot to Renaissance in Tulsa’s Historic Greenwood Districtby Hannibal B. Johnson
Films
- Watchmen(2019) – HBO series that explores the legacy of the Tulsa Race Massacre
- Greenwood: A Century of Resilience(2021) – Documentary film about the rebuilding and revitalization of Greenwood
- Tulsa Burning: The 1921 Race Massacre(2007) – Documentary film that examines the events of the massacre
Other Media
- The Tulsa Race Massacre: A Podcast– A six-part podcast series that delves into the history and impact of the massacre
- Greenwood Rising: A Journey of Hope and Resilience– A multimedia exhibit at the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture
- The Greenwood Arts Project– A non-profit organization that promotes art and culture in the Greenwood district
Educational Resources and Initiatives
The Tulsa Race Massacre and Lena Horne’s legacy are essential topics for education, promoting reconciliation, and preserving history. Several initiatives and resources have emerged to address these subjects.
Websites and Online Resources
- Tulsa Historical Society and Museum: https://www.tulsahistory.org/exhibit/1921-tulsa-race-massacre/
- John Hope Franklin Center for Reconciliation: https://jfranklincenter.utulsa.edu/
- Oklahoma Historical Society: https://okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=TU001
Documentaries and Films
- Tulsa Burning: The 1921 Race Massacre: https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/films/tulsa-burning/
- 1921: The Tulsa Race Massacre: https://www.history.com/topics/us-history/tulsa-race-massacre
Educational Materials
- Oklahoma Department of Education: https://sde.ok.gov/sites/ok.gov.sde/files/documents/files/Tulsa_Race_Massacre_Educator_Guide.pdf
- Tulsa Public Schools: https://www.tulsaschools.org/Page/24869
Popular Questions
Who was Lena Horne?
Lena Horne was an acclaimed Black singer, actress, and dancer who used her platform to advocate for civil rights and racial justice.
What was the Tulsa Race Massacre?
The Tulsa Race Massacre was a horrific event that took place in 1921, where a white mob attacked and destroyed the thriving Greenwood district in Tulsa, Oklahoma, resulting in hundreds of deaths and injuries.
How did Lena Horne respond to the Tulsa Race Massacre?
Lena Horne used her voice and influence to speak out against the Tulsa Race Massacre and demand justice for the victims.
